Browsing by Author "Sharma, Isha"

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    Smart Charging of PEVs Penetrating Into Residential Distribution Systems
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2017-05-20) Sharma, Isha; Canizares, Claudio; Bhattacharya, Kankar
    This paper presents a novel modeling framework for the analysis of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging in unbalanced, residential, distribution systems. A Smart Distribution Power Flow (SDPF) framework is proposed to determine the controlled or smart charging schedules and hence address the shortcomings of uncontrolled charging. The effect of peak-demand constraint imposed by the Local Distribution Company (LDC) is also studied within the SDPF framework for the smart charging scenarios. Uncontrolled versus smart charging schemes are compared for various scenarios, from both the customer's and the LDC's perspective. Various objective functions, such as energy drawn by the LDC, total feeder losses, total cost of energy drawn by LDC and total cost of PEV charging are considered. Studies are carried out considering two sample systems i.e., the IEEE 13-node test feeder and a real distribution feeder. Analyses are also presented considering a probabilistic representation of the initial state of charge (SOC) and start time of charging for various scenarios to take into account the difference in customers' driving patterns. The results show that uncontrolled charging of PEVs results in increased peak demand, low node voltage levels, and increased feeder current magnitudes. On the other hand, the SDPF framework provides very satisfactory operating schedules for the overall system including smart PEV charging.
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    Smart Distribution System Operations With Price-Responsive and Controllable Loads
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2014-12-09) Sharma, Isha; Bhattacharya, Kankar; Canizares, Claudio
    This paper presents a new modeling framework for analysis of impact and scheduling of price-responsive as well as controllable loads in a three-phase unbalanced distribution system. The price-responsive loads are assumed to be linearly or exponentially dependent on price, i.e., demand reduces as price increases and vice versa. The effect of such uncontrolled price-responsive loads on the distribution feeder is studied as customers seek to reduce their energy cost. Secondly, a novel constant energy load model, which is controllable by the local distribution company (LDC), is proposed in this paper. A controllable load is one that can be scheduled by the LDC through remote signals, demand response programs, or customer-end home energy management systems. Minimization of cost of energy drawn by LDC, feeder losses, and customers cost pertaining to the controllable component of the load are considered as objectives from the LDCs and customers' perspective. The effect of a peak demand constraint on the controllability of the load is further examined. The proposed models are tested on two feeders: 1) the IEEE 13-node test feeder; and 2) a practical LDC feeder system. Detailed studies examine the operational aspects of price-responsive and controllable loads on the overall system. It is observed that the LDC controlled load model results in a more uniform system load profile, and that with a reduction in the peak demand cap, the energy drawn decreases, consequently reducing feeder losses and LDC's and customers' costs.