Reparative Infrastructure: Reimagining Water Kiosks in Ulaanbaatar’s Ger Districts

Abstract

Over half of Mongolia’s population lives in Ulaanbaatar, with many settling in ger districts on the urban periphery. These areas, where some residents still live in traditional gers on self-claimed plots, resemble other informal settlements lacking basic infrastructure. Following the political reforms of the late twentieth century, many rural migrants relocated here seeking better opportunities, yet their living conditions remain poor. This thesis investigates how architectural interventions can enhance daily life, public space, and a sense of nomadic identity within these rapidly urbanizing areas. Focusing on the water kiosks system, it explores how these kiosks can serve as social and spatial anchors for future development. Based on literature review, secondary data, and remote site analysis, the thesis proposes two architectural upgrades in Bayangol District. The study ultimately frames a community-driven approach for informal settlements that promotes local agency and spatial justice through reparative infrastructure.